The Aromatic Nature of All Pi-Bonds, The Isolated Single Pi-Bond Being the Trivial One, N=0, In The 4n+2 Rule for Number of Participating Carbons/pi-Electrons

Abstract

This paper develops a novel theory of atomic and molecular orbitals grounded in a broader quantum physics framework articulated across four prior volumes. The central hypothesis posits that atomic orbitals are fixed, geometrically defined structures—unlike the probabilistic “fuzzy” models arising from the unsolved radial part of the Schrödinger equation. While the angular component of the wavefunction ψ(θ,ϕ) has been successfully derived and utilized to classify orbital types (s- and p-orbitals), this work emphasizes a complementary geometric interpretation. Molecular orbitals, in this theory, are formed by the direct “touching” of atomic orbitals, with bonding permitted only when the change in angular momentum quantum number satisfies Δl=±1. Electrons traverse the surfaces of these orbitals at the speed of light (v=c). This requirement results in a characteristic bonding sequence of p–s–p–s… in molecular systems. An s-orbit, being devoid of angular momentum, causes electrons to reverse direction at specific nodes, giving rise to oscillatory angular behavior. This contrasts with p-orbitals, where motion involves rotation about the z-axis. These principles set the foundation for a re-examination of π-bonding and aromaticity, suggesting that even an isolated double bond constitutes a minimal aromatic system (n = 0), governed by dynamic electron resonance and structural symmetry. This work builds on the author’s previous theoretical volumes and seeks to redefine core concepts in chemical bonding and molecular structure.